ACADEMIC WRITING - A PRACTICAL COURSE FOR STUDENTS S. Bailey

Academic Writing is designed for anybody who is studying (or planning to study) at English-medium colleges and universities and has to write essays and other assignments for exams or coursework. International students especially find the written demands of their courses extremely challenging. On top of the complexity of the vocabulary of academic English they have to learn a series of conventions in style, referencing and organisation.
Academic Writing is a flexible course that allows students to work either with a teacher or by themselves, to practise those areas which are most important for their studies. Many students find that they have very limited time to prepare for their courses, and that writing is only one of several skills they need to master. The structure of the book has been made as simple as possible to allow users to find what they want quickly.
The course is organised to provide maximum hands-on practice for students. Skills are developed from writing at the paragraph level, through organising the various sections of an essay, to discussing statistics and describing charts. This book is divided into four parts:
        1) The Writing Process guides students from the initial stage of understanding an essay title, through    reading and note-making, to the organisation of an essay and the final stage of proof-reading.
        2) Elements of Writing deals with the key skills that are needed for all types of assignments, such as making definitions and giving references, and is organised alphabetically.
        3) Accuracy in Writing gives remedial practice in those areas that students tend to find most confusing, such as definite articles and relative pronouns, again in alphabetical order.
        4) Writing Models gives examples of the types of writing that students commonly need, including        letters and survey reports.
     All units are cross-referenced and a comprehensive key is provided at the end. There is also a Writing Tests section for assessing level and progress.
Although every effort has been made to make Academic Writing as useful and accurate as possible, if students or teachers have any comments, criticisms or suggestions I would be very pleased to hear from them.






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The Cambridge Companion to Shakespearean Comedy


This   is   an   accessible,   wide-ranging   and   informed   introduction   to
Shakespeare’s comedies and romances. Rather than taking each play in iso-
lation, the chapters trace recurring issues, suggesting both the continuity and
the variety of Shakespeare’s practice and the creative use he made of the conven-
tions he inherited. The first section puts Shakespeare in the context of classical
and Renaissance comedy and comic theory, the work of his Elizabethan pre-
decessors, and the traditions of popular festivity. The second section traces
a number of themes through Shakespeare’s early and middle comedies, dark
comedies and late romances, establishing the key features of his comedy as a
whole and illuminating particular plays by close analysis. Individual chapters
draw on contemporary politics, rhetoric, and the history of Shakespeare pro-
duction. Written by experts in the relevant fields, the chapters bring the reader
up to date on current thinking and frequently challenge long-standing critical
assumptions.


C O N T E N T S
Notes on contributors ix
Preface xiii
Chronology xvii
Part 1: Shakespeare and comic tradition
1   Theories of comedy 3
david galbraith
2   Roman comedy 18
robert s. miola
3   Italian stories on the stage 32
louise george clubb
4   Elizabethan comedy 47
janette dillon
5   Popular festivity 64
franc¸ ois laroque
Part 2: Shakespearean comedy
6   Forms of confusion 81
john creaser
7   Love and courtship 102
catherine bates
8   Laughing at “others” 123
edward berry
9   Comedy and sex 139
alexander leggatt
10   Language and comedy 156
lynne magnusson
11   Sexual disguise and the theatre of gender 179
barbara hodgdon
12   Matters of state 198
anthony miller
13   The experiment of romance 215
michael o’connell
Select bibliography 230
Index 234


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OXFORD PRACTICE GRAMMAR with answers


Who is this book for?
Oxford Practice Grammar is for students of English at a middle or 'intermediate' level. This means students who are no longer beginners but who are not yet expert in English. The book is suitable for those studying for the Cambridge First Certificate in English. It can be used by students attending classes or by someone working alone.
What does the book consist of?
The book consists of 153 units, each on a grammatical topic. The units cover the main areas of English grammar. Special attention is given to those points which are often a problem for learners: the meaning of the different verb forms, the use of the passive, conditionals, prepositions and so on.
Many units contrast two or more different structures such as the present perfect and past simple (Units 14-15). There are also a number of review units. The emphasis through the whole book is on the meaning and use of the forms in situations. Most units start with a dialogue, or sometimes a text, which shows how the forms are used in a realistic context.
There are also 25 tests. These come after each group of units and cover the area of grammar dealt with in those units.



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The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phonology of the variety of Norwegian spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of the most densely populated area of Norway, the south-eastern region surrounding its capital Oslo. Even if the book is written within the framework of Generative Phonology, the main purpose is not to defend a specific theoretical approach, but to present data and propose analyses of a specific phonological system in a (hopefully) clear, concise and coherent manner, so that the reader can judge the merits of and perhaps take issue with the solutions offered. I have therefore chosen to write the book within what I considered to be a fairly mainstream generative approach when I started working on the book some 5 years ago—Lexical Phonology, the basic principles of which I can safely assume to be familiar to the majority of the phonological community.



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THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF EARLY MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE





Contents


List of contributors x Acknowledgements xi

Introduction 1
DAVID LOEWENSTEIN and JANEL MUELLER

1
MODES AND MEANS OF LITERARY PRODUCTION, CIRCULATION AND RECEPTION
1 • Literacy, society and education 15
KENNETH CHARLTON and MARGARET SPUFFORD
2 • Manuscript transmission and circulation 55
HAROLD LOVE and ARTHUR F. MAROTTI
3  • Print, literary culture and the book trade 81
DAVID SCOTT KASTAN
4 • Literary patronage 117
GRAHAM PARRY
5 • Languages of early modern literature
in Britain 141
PAULA BLANK
6 • Habits of reading and early modern
literary culture 170
STEVEN N. ZWICKER


THE TUDOR ERA FROM THE REFORMATION TO ELIZABETH I 7 • Literature and national identity 201
DAVID LOADES
8 • Literature and the court 229
WILLIAM A. SESSIONS
9 • Literature and the church 257
JANEL MUELLER

THE ERA OF ELIZABETH AND JAMES VI 10 • Literature and national identity 313
CLAIRE McEACHERN
11 • Literature and the court 343
CATHERINE BATES
12  • Literature and the church 374
PATRICK COLLINSON
13 • Literature and London 399
LAWRENCE MANLEY
14 • Literature and the theatre 428
DAVID BEVINGTON


THE EARLIER STUART ERA
15 • Literature and national identity 459
JOHANN P. SOMMERVILLE
16  • Literature and the court 487
LEAH S. MARCUS
17  • Literature and the church 512
DEBORA SHUGER
18 • Literature and London 544 thomas n.corns
19 • Literature and the theatre to 1660 565 martin butler
20 • Literature and the household 603 barbara k. lewalski


THE CIVIL WAR AND COMMONWEALTH ERA
21 • Literature and national identity 633 derek hirst
22 • Literature and religion 664
david LOEWENSTEIN and john morrill
23 • Literature and London 714
nigel smith
24  • Literature and the household 737
helen wilcox
25  • Alternative sites for literature 763
joshua scodel
26 • From Revolution to Restoration in English literary culture 790 james grantham

Chronological outline of historical events and texts in Britain, 1528-1674, with list of selected manuscripts 834 rebecca lemon Select bibliography (primary and secondary
sources) 879 Index 965

PART1














PART2


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The Short Oxford History of English Literature is the most comprehensive and scholarly history of English literature on the market. It offers an introductory guide to the literature of the British Isles from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present day in eleven chapters covering all the major periods of English literature chronologically. Professor Sanders provides detailed analysis of the major writers and their works and examines the impact of British literature on contemporary political, social and intellectual developments. This third edition has been revised and updated for a 21st century reader, incorporating discussion of a greater number of female and contemporary authors.


read the book here



CONTENTS

ANoteon the Text................................................................. ix
Introduction: Poets' Corners: The Development of a Canon of English Literature............................... 1
1.Old EngLISH LitErature.................................................................................................... 16
Beowulf
The Battle of Maldon and the Elegies
The Biblical Poems and The Dream of the Rood
2.Medieval Literature 1066-1510........................................................... 28
The Church, Church Building, and Clerical Historians
Early Middle English Literature
Chivalry and 'Courtly' Love
English Romances and the Gawain-Poet
Fourteenth-Century England: Death, Disruption, and Change
Langland and Piers Plowman
Geoffrey Chaucer

Gower, Lydgate, and Hoccleve
Poetry in Scotland in the Fifteenth Century
Late Medieval Drama
Late Medieval Religious Writing
Malory and Caxton
3.Renaissance and Reformation: Literature 1510-1620....................................... 83
Poetry at the Court of Henry VIII An Educated Élite: More, Elyot, and Ascham The Literature of the English Reformation Early and Mid-Sixteenth-Century Drama
The Defence and the Practice of Poetry: Puttenham and the Sidneys
Sixteenth- and Early Seventeeth-Century Prose Fiction
This Island and the Wider World: History, Chorography, and Geography
Ralegh, Spenser, and the Cult of Elizabeth
Late Sixteenth-Century Verse
Marlowe and Shakespeare as non-Dramatic Poets
Theatre in the 1590s: Kyd and Marlowe
Shakespeare's Plays
Politics and History
Tragedy and Death
Women and Comedy Ben Jonson and the Comic Theatre Jonson and the High Roman Fashion 'Debauch'd and diversivolent': Men, Women, and Tragedy
4.REVOLUTION AND RESTORATION: LITERATURE 1620-1690............................................ 186
The Advancement of Learning: Francis Bacon and the Authorized Version Andrewes and Donne
'Metaphysical' Religious Poetry: Herbert, Crashaw, and Vaughan
Secular Verse: Courtiers and Cavaliers
Anatomies: Burton, Browne, and Hobbes
Political Prose of the Civil War Period
Milton
Marvell
Pepys, Evelyn, and Seventeenth-Century Autobiographical Writing Varieties of Religious Writing in the Restoration Period Private Histories and Public History: Aubrey, Sprat, and Clarendon The Poetry of the Restoration Period: Rochester and Dryden Women's Writing and Women Writing in the Restoration Period 'Restoration' Drama
5.Eighteenth-Century Literature 1690-1780............................. 273
Jonathan Swift
Pope and the Poetry of the Early Century
Thomson and Akenside: The Poetry of Nature and the Pleasures of the Imagination Other Pleasures of Imagination: Dennis, Addison, and Steele Gay and the Drama of the Early Eighteenth Century Defoe and the 'Rise' of the Novel
The Mid-Century Novel: Richardson, the Fieldings, Charlotte Lennox Smollett and Sterne
Sensibility, Sentimentality, Tears, and Graveyards The Ballad, the Gothic, the Gaelic, and the Davidic Goldsmith and Sheridan: The New 'Comedy of Manners' Johnson and his Circle
6.The Literature of the Romantic Period 1780-1830.......................................... 333
Paine, Godwin, and the 'Jacobin' Novelists
Gothic Fiction Smith and Burney Cowper, Blake, and Burns Wordsworth
Coleridge, Southey, and Crabbe Austen, the 'Regional' Novel, and Scott Byron, Shelley, and Keats The 'Romantic' Essayists Clare and Cobbett
7.High Victorian Literature 1830-1880.............................................. 398
'The Condition of England': Carlyle and Dickens 'Condition of England' Fiction Macaulay, Thackeray, and Trollope The Brontë Sisters
Tennyson and the Pre-Raphaelite Poets The Brownings
The Drama, the Melodrama, and the 'Sensation' Novel
The New Fiction of the 1860s: Meredith and Eliot
The 'Strange Disease of Modern Life': Mill, Arnold, Clough, and Ruskin
The 'Second Spring' and Hopkins
Coda: Carroll and Lear
8.Late Victorian and Edwardian Literature 1880-1920............................................... 457
The 'Agnostic' Fiction of the Late Century 'The Letter Killeth': Hardy, Gissing, and Moore Mystery and History: Conan Doyle, Stoker, and Stevenson 'Our Colonial Expansion': Kipling and Conrad 'Our Theatre in the 90s': London and Dublin The Edwardian Age The Edwardian Novel The Poetry
9.Modernism and its Alternatives: Literature 1920-1945 ........................... 505
'Bloomsbury' and beyond: Strachey, Woolf, and Mansfield Richardson and Lawrence
Old and New Writing: Practitioners, Promoters, and the 'Little Magazines'
Eliot, Firbank, and the Sitwells
Joyce
Inter-War Drama: O'Casey, Coward, Priestley, and Sherriff
Retrospect and Historical Memory: Graves and Jones
'Society' and Society: The New Novelists of the 1920s and 1930s
Bright Young Things and Brave New Worlds: Wodehouse, Waugh, and Huxley
The Auden Circle
'Rotten Elements': MacDiarmid, Upward, Koestler, and Orwell Looking at Britain at War
10.Post- War and Post-Modern Literature........................... 577
Dividing and Ruling: Britain in the 1950s The New Theatre The New Novelists of the 1950s Poetry since 1950
The 'New Morality': The 1960s and 1970s
Female and Male Reformulations: Fiction in the 1960s and 1970s
Drama since the 1950s
Fin de siècle: Some Notes of Late-Century Fiction
CHRONOLOGY ...................... 641


Index








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AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF BRITAIN - DAVID McDOWALL LONGMAN


This is an illustrated history of Britain from prehistoric times to the present day. The book analyzes the major political and military events in British history, and where appropriate, looks at these within a wider, international context. It also describes everyday life for men and women from different levels of society in different ages: the kind of work they did, family life, etc. Emphasis is also placed on cultural, intellectual, scientific and economic developments. Major developments within Scotland, Ireland and Wales and the relations between these countries and England are also discussed.










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KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND AND BRITAIN short timeline




There have been 66 monarchs in England and Britain spread over a period of 1500 years.







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Coroana se bucura, prin urmare, de posesiuni extraordinare, dar efemere. Nu era nimic implacabil nici în maniera în care se prăbuşise sistemul guvernării Tudor, provocând izbucnirea Războiului Civil şi a revoluţiei, nici în modul în care monarhia şi Biserica au interne etapa restaurării lor. Extrem de puţine persoane anticipau declanşarea Războiului Civil în perioada anilor 1620-1630, însă şi mai puţine credeau în eficienţa loviturii date, patruzeci de ani mai târziu, republicanismului şi fanatismului religios.
Trei aspecte alarmante ale domniei lui Elizabeth I ameninţau cu declanşarea conflictului: caracterul nesigur al succesiunii; disputele ce se consumau între fracţiunile religioase rivale, precum şi interesul potenţial al puterilor continentale pentru frământările interne din Anglia şi Irlanda. Din fericire pentru siguranţa naţională pericolul fusese, cel puţin temporar, aplanat.









sursa : C. Nicolescu-Anglia si Spiritul Englez


cumpara
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THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO CHAUCER


The Cambridge Companion to Chaucer is an extensively revised version of the first edition, which has become a classic in the field. This new volume responds to the success of the first edition and to recent debates in Chaucer Studies. Important material has been updated, and new contributions have been commissioned to take into account recent trends in literary theory as well as in studies of Chaucer's works. New chapters cover the literary inheritance traceable in his works to French and Italian sources, his style, as well as new approaches to his work. Other topics covered include the social and literary scene in England in Chaucer's time, and comedy, pathos and romance in the Canterbury Tales. The volume now offers a useful chronology, and the bibliography has been entirely updated to provide an indispensable guide for today's student of Chaucer.



Features

• Important new edition of a hugely popular and indispensable guide to Chaucer, with updated material and new contributions by experts in the field
• Offers a broad range of approaches, including historical, thematic and theoretical chapters
• Includes a chronology and guide to further reading




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Moartea în 1509 a lui Henry al VI-lea a fost sărbătorită cu surle şi trâmbiţe. Succesorul lui, Henry al VUI-lea a urcat la tron la doar 18 ani deoarece fratele său mai mare, Arthur, decedase în 1502. La presiunile exercitate asupra lui de către consilierii regali, în special executorii testamentari ai tatălui său, Henry şi-a început domnia "triumfătoare" căsătorindu-se cu văduva fratelui, Catherine de Aragon, uniune ce avea să se soldeze cu consecinţe însemnate. Tânărul rege a continuat în aceeaşi manieră imperturbabilă ordonând execuţia lui Empson şi a lui Dudly, care acum aveau de suferit de pe urma prudenţei financiare a fostului lor stăpân. Fără îndoială execuţiile constituiau doar o mişcare tactică menită a da posibilitatea noului regim să profite de pe urma stabilităţii politice lăsate drept moştenire de către Henry al VH-lea fără a atrage după sine şi stigmatul vechii stăpâniri. Henry al VHI-lea începuse domnia în stilul în care intenţiona să o continue; ceva din cruzimea naturală a regelui, iar presupunerea implicită conform căreia ruptura radicală cu trecutul avea să rezolve probleme adânc înrădăcinate era deja evidentă.








sursa : C. Nicolescu-Anglia si Spiritul Englez


cumpara
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NY I NORGE ARBEIDSBOK 2003

This is the arbeidsbok for  currently the most popular course for use 

in evening classes and private tuition   (Ny i Norge-2003)
  



The full course is available HERE









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ACCORDING to the Venerable Bede, our first reliable English historian, English literature had a miraculous origin in the late seventh century in a religious somniloquy by an illiterate cowherd named Cædmon. Writing at least a half century after the miracle, Bede represents Cædmon’s Old English “Hymn” in only a Latin paraphrase in his Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. Our earliest vernacular versions of the “Hymn” appear, not as part of Bede’s text, but rather as notes later appended by scribes to two eighth-century manuscripts of the Historia Ecclesiastica.1 From its humble start as a marginal, secondary text, the vernacular “Hymn” first worked its way into the central, primary text by means of a tenth-century Old English translation of Bede’s entire History.2 It continued to appear, nonetheless, as a marginal text from the eleventh to the fifteenth century in Latin manuscripts of Bede. Nowadays scholars are generally convinced that we have inherited by this process authentic witnesses of Cædmon’s debut as a poet; in fact, they print the “Hymn,” in both scholarly editions and general anthologies, as the central text, with Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica relegated to the margins. The textual history of Cædmon’s “Hymn” provides an unmiraculous case history of how re-productions of literary texts both purposely and unintentionally re-present our past.



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Recognizing the dramatic changes in Old English studies over the past generation, this up-to-date anthology gathers twenty-one outstanding contemporary critical writings on the prose and poetry of Anglo-Saxon England, from approximately the seventh through eleventh centuries. The contributors focus on texts most commonly read in introductory Old English courses while also engaging with larger issues of Anglo-Saxon history, culture, and scholarship. Their approaches vary widely, encompassing disciplines from linguistics to psychoanalysis.

In an appealing introduction to the book, R. M. Liuzza presents an overview of Old English studies, the history of the scholarship, and major critical themes in the field. For both newcomers and more advanced scholars of Old English, these essays will provoke discussion, answer questions, provide background, and inspire an appreciation for the complexity and energy of Anglo-Saxon studies. 






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Perioada secolelor al XlV-lea şi al XV-lea apare în istorie drept o perioadă decadentă şi turbulentă. Războaiele civile şi cele purtate dincolo de graniţe - în special cele din Scoţia, Franţa, Ţările de Jos - s-au prelungit şi au devenit din ce în ce mai costisitoare, implicând un număr tot mai mare de populaţie. Foametea, bolile şi, începând din 1348, ciuma au distrus aproape jumătate din populaţia Angliei. La sfârşitul secolului al XV-lea, oamenii de stat francezi surprindeau cu dezaprobare obiceiul englezilor de a-şi omorî regii sau copiii acestora (aşa cum s-a întâmplatîn anii 1327, 1399, 1461, 1471, 1483 Şi 14S5) cu o regularitate nemaiîntâlnită în toată Europa apuseană. Regele şi curtea sa, în special familia regală, erau centrul de atenţie al politicii şi guvernării britanice. Elementul central îl constituia stabilirea unei relaţii armonioase între rege şi supuşii săi influenţi, baroni, cavaleri sau comercianţi prosperi şi episcopi. Un rege acceptat era cel care reuşea să menţină o legătură paşnică cu pătura influentă a societăţii; aceasta era singura posibilitate de menţinere a stabilităţii politice, a unei guvernări eficiente şi a păcii interne. Accentul crescut pus pe autoritatea suverană a regelui în cadrul regatului său, subliniat de principiul preluării coroanei de către fiul cel mai mare al monarhului decedat, şi extinderea administraţiei regale în mâinile unei reţele formate din funcţionarii şi supuşii influenţi ai regelui, au fost menite să submineze puterea feudală, regională, a marilor proprietari de pământ. începând cu domnia lui Edward I nu a mai existat decadă în care englezii să nu poarte război.
După războiul civil din timpul domniei lui Henric al III-lea s-au făcut eforturi în vederea instaurării păcii, astfel încât să se stabilească o relaţie sigură între rege şi supuşii săi, relaţie care să aibă în vedere aspiraţiile şi drepturile fiecăreia din cele două părţi. Noul monarh, Edward I (1272-1307) s-a dovedit a fi un rege capabil, eficient în guvernare şi hotărât să sublinieze poziţia sa de suveran. Dar insistenţa sa în a-şi declara suveranitatea peste toate teritoriile din Insulele Britanice, chiar şi cele aflate în afara regatului său, au deschis era războiuluI perpetuu.











sursa : C. Nicolescu-Anglia si Spiritul Englez


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