To the student
Why do we learn grammar?
There is no point in learning grammar for the sake of learning grammar. Grammar is the support system of communication and we learn it to communicate better. Grammar explains the why and how of language. We learn it because we just can't do without it.
Who is this book for and what does it cover?
This book deals entirely with English as a foreign language (EFL). It is for intermediate students who are working with a teacher or working on their own. It covers every important area of the English language. If you look at the Contents pages, you will find sixteen major areas which form the basis of English grammar. This book is based on the Longman English Grammar and the grammatical information in it is all drawn from this work. Longman English Grammar Practice has been designed to stand on its own. Students who require further grammatical information can refer to the Longman English Grammar.
How the material is organized
Longman English Grammar Practice is a practice book. It is intended to support (not replace) the material in language courses and is organized for this purpose:
• The material is laid out on facing pages.
• Each set of facing pages deals with a major point of grammar.
• This major point is divided into small, manageable amounts of information. Clear notes explain the points to be practised, followed by an exercise on just those points.
• The last exercise is in context, usually an entertaining story with a cartoon illustration. It sums up all you have learnt in the exercises you have just done and shows you how the language works. It is a 'reward' for the hard work you have just been doing!
• This major point is divided into small, manageable amounts of information. Clear notes explain the points to be practised, followed by an exercise on just those points.
• The last exercise is in context, usually an entertaining story with a cartoon illustration. It sums up all you have learnt in the exercises you have just done and shows you how the language works. It is a 'reward' for the hard work you have just been doing!
Cross references
If you see e.g. [> 7.3a] in thé notes, it means that a similar point is discussed in some other part of the book. Follow up the reference for parallel practice or information if you want to. If you see e.g. [> LEG 4.30] at the top of the notes, it means that the point is dealt with in the Longman English Grammar. Follow up the reference if you want 'the whole story'.
How to work
YOU DON'T HAVE TO WORK THROUGH THIS BOOK FROM START TO FINISH! It is not arranged in order of increasing difficulty.
Select a chapter or part of a chapter which you want to study. Do this by referring to the Contents pages or the Index. Usually, this will be a topic you have been dealing with in your language course. Then:
1 Read the notes carefully (called Study). Notes and exercises are marked like this: H = Elementary [*] = Intermediate (most exercises) [***] = Advanced You will sometimes find that you know some, but not all, of the points in an exercise marked [**].
2 Do the exercises (called Write). Always leave the story till last (called Context).
3 Check your answers with your teacher.
4 If you have made mistakes, study the notes again until you have understood where you went wrong and why.
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